EDITORIAL - POSTAL CURSADER

DEFEAT ANTI PEOPLE, ANTI WORKING CLASS POLICIES OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.

MAKE THE ONE DAY STRIKE ON 2^ND SEPTEMBER-2015 

A HISTORIC SUCCESS.

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          During the one year period of BJP Government, it may be clearly felt that this Government has betrayed and cheated the workers and worked against them curtailing  their trade union rights, wages and social security’s which were earned through sustained struggles and sacrifices by them. Every action of Government is pro capitalists, pro employers. Large scale amendments in labour laws are aimed to benefit industrialists/employers to give them free hand to retrench/lay off workers, declare closure/shutdown of establishment and resort to mass scale contractorization.

            The main object of these changes is to do away with whatever minimal protection the workers are having under present labour laws despite their large scale violations in connivance with the state Governments. The present Central  Government  does not  want to implement the consensus recommendations of 43^rd, 44^th and 45^th Indian Labour  Conferences of formulation of minimum wages, same  wage and  benefits as regular workers for the contract  workers and granting  status of workers with attendant benefits to those employed in various Central Government schemes like Anganwadi, Midday Meal, ASHA, Para Teachers etc. On the contrary the Government drastically curtailed budget allocations to all those centrally sponsored schemes meant for poor people’s welfare.

            Beside these labour laws the Central Government is also doing away the workers from social security schemes like, EPF and ESI making them a optional aiming to dismantle the basic social security cover available to organized sector.

            The Government has not taken any concrete measures to curb price rise of essential commodities. On universal public distribution system, the Government is trying to scuttle it through Direct Benefit transfer scheme resulting further squeeze on the common people,

            After coming in Power this Government declared total Ban on recruitment in all Central Government Services causing large scale unemployment. 100% FDI in Railways, the biggest establishment of Central Government has been declared and further projects will be launched on PPP Model. Bigger and important stations will be given to private  parties to develop and take  users charges causing more burden on common man.49% FDI  has also been declared in Defence and 41 Ordnance Factories  will be privatized resulting more contractorization  of labour . Disinvestment has already been started in C.P.S.U.S. like Coal India Ltd., NTPC and NHPC etc. Plan to corporatize Ports is also in pipeline.

            Whatever promises were made by Modiji during election campaign. On all of those this Government has taken U turn. Not a single promise is being fulfilled. Land acquisition act is also being amended which will be against the interests of Farmers. No reasonable minimum support price for the agriculture products and nothing to compensate the loss of crops caused due to natural calamities.

            In Central Services the New Pension Scheme  was introduced  during the previous NDA Government and now this Government  also does not agree to replace it by Defined benefit Pension Scheme causing more miseries to the working people,

            The demands of Central Government Employees for grant of DA Merger, Interim Relief and date of effect of 7^th CPC recommendations from 01.01.2014 has also been rejected.

            In Postal Department, Government is moving ahead to corporatize various services based on the recommendations of Task Force Committee headed by T.S.R Subramanian. The Department of Posts and Government of India has still not taken any decision to include G.D.S. in 7^th CPC. The agreement and assurances made by the Postal Board during the course of negotiations on PJCA Strike Charter of Demands are not being implemented.

            So keeping all the facts in mind and in pursuance of decision taken by All Central Trade Unions to go on ONE DAY STRIKE on 2^nd September-2015 , the National Executive of Confederation and Federal Secretariat of NFPE  have  also endorsed the decision to resist the onslaughts on working class in the wake of neo-liberal Economic Policies by participating in the strike.

            NFPE appeals to all the affiliates and entire rank and file to make maximum efforts for the grand success of ONE DAY 2^nd September-2015 Strike and defeat Anti People, Anti Working Class Policies of Government of India.

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Rate of exchange of foreign currencies in to Indian Rupees

RPLI - SUM ASSURED ENHANCED & BONUS RATES REVISED

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2nd September All India Strike - An explanatory notes on Charter of Demands ---

For the copy of explanatory notes on charter of demands :

CLICK HERE 

India sheds a tear for `people`s president` APJ Abdul Kalam:

7-Day Mourning Declared

No Holiday for Union Govt Schools, Offices

New Delhi: The office of the President of India had assumed a new meaning in the hearts of billions of Indians from year 2002 to 2007 – the Kalam years at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. Kalam was the people's president. His endearing nature and undying commitment to see India progress and prosper had turned him into one of the most popular personalities of our times.

One of his biggest passion was to interact with students to instil in them a fire to succeed in life. His personal life story starting from a poverty-ridden childhood, to a struggle to get education, and his contribution to India's missile technology was and will always remain a source of inspiration for the country.

Dr Kalam was as well versed with the Koran as he was with the Bhagvad Gita – a secular Indian in the true sense. The common man of India is in grief today.

Social Media Abuzz With Rumors, 

No Holiday For Schools, Colleges On Tuesday

In view of former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam’s sudden death on Monday, Social media is abuzz with the rumors of government order for schools to be closed on Tuesday as mark of respect. Many schools have already sent advisory that the school would remain closed on Tuesday, but there was no official declaration of any holiday by the Union government. Karnataka was among the first states to declare a holiday tomorrow for all schools and government offices, where Dr Kalam was a resident throughout his 40-years career as a DRDO scientist and holds special image among the science fraternity. 

No state holiday for schools, colleges today, 

says Maharashtra education minister Vinod Tawde

Maharashtra education minister Vinod Tawde has said that the union government has confirmed that there will be no state holiday for schools and colleges on Tuesday, following the death of ex-President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam.  

The government has declared a national mourning period of 7 days, Union Home Secretary LC Goyal had earlier said.

This is a drastic departure from convention. Protocol allows for 7 days mourning only in the event of death of a sitting President. The government's declaration therefore speaks of the standing of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam in the minds of the people as well as in political circles.

7-Day Mourning Declared, 

No Holiday for Union Govt Schools, Offices

Karnataka Declares Holiday 

The government has declared a seven-day mourning following the death of former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam but no holiday was declared on Tuesday for schools or government offices in view of the protocol that stipulates only 3-day mourning and no holiday, barring Karnataka which was home to him for over 40 years.

In view of the admiration for the former president among the people, the Centre has decided to make it a 7-day mourning that is reserved only in the event of the death of a sitting president.

The government has cleared that the schools and offices will remain open but some state governments have declared a holiday such as Karnataka, where Dr Kalam was a resident throughout his career as a DRDO scientist and holds special image among the science fraternity.

What DoPT's Order says in this regard? 

HOLIDAYS: The existing system of holidays will continue.  No holiday shall, however, be declared in the event of death of any person other than the incumbent President of India or the incumbent Prime Minister of India.  Suitable orders in this regard have already been issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs vide OM No. 3/2/97-Public dated 21.11.1997.Full text of OM reproduced below:-

Government’s instructions on reduction in number of Casual Leave: DoPT OM

No. 12/9/94-JCA 

Ministry of Personnel, PG and Pensions 

Department of Personnel & Training 

North Block, New Delhi

January 14, 1998

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT:- Reduction in Casual Leave entitlement and various recommendations of the Fifth Pay Commission in respect of number of holiday/working week etc. 

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 In the light of the various recommendations of Fifty Central Pay Commission contained in Chapter 118 of the Report relating to Hours of Work and Holidays etc., the following decisions have been taken by the Government.

2. WORKING WEEK: It has been decided to continue the five-day-week working system introduced since June-1985 in the civil administrative offices of Government of India. Departments whose functions are pre-dominantly marked by public dealings or of commercial nature and at present are functioning on 5-day-week basis, will review the existing arrangements and switch over to 6-day-week wherever feasible. Action taken in this regard will be reported to this Ministry within the next four months.

3. HOLIDAYS: The existing system of holidays will continue. No holiday shall, however, be declared in the event of death of any person other than the incumbent President of India or the incumbent Prime Minister of India. Suitable orders in this regard have already been issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs vide OM No. 3/2/97-Public dated 21.11.1997.

4. CASUAL LEAVE ENTITLEMENT: It has also been decided to reduce with effect from Ist January, 1998 the number of days of Casual Leave for Central Government employees from the existing 12 days to 8 days in a year. Various Departments may also effect corresponding reduction with effect from Ist January, 1998 where the Casual Leave entitlement for certain categories is higher than 12 under intimation to this Ministry.

5. All Ministries/Departments may bring the above decision to the notice of all concerned under their administrative control and ensure compliance with these instructions. 

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(HARINDER SINGH) 

JOINT SECRETARY TO THE GOVT. OF INDIA 

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India mourns the loss of a great scientist, a wonderful President and above all an inspiring individual. Rest in peace Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.

Former President A P J Abdul Kalam Passes away

A big salute to the Missile Man

News : Bharat Ratna APJ Abdul Kalam Passed Away : 

Former Indian President Bharat Ratna APJ Abdul Kalam (Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam) Passed Away today. He was reportedly collapsed on stage while giving a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong and immediately rushed to hospital. Doctors say he suffered from a cardiac arrest.

Dr Kalam was born in Rameswaram on October 15, 1931 to a boatman. He played a pivotal role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the test by India in 1974. He was known as 'Missile Man India' for ensuring the success of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). 

For his achievements, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna, and then he became the 11th President of India in 2002. 

He was THE BEST and the ONLY president of India who inspired youth. 

His life itself is a motivational lesson for the modern youth. 

APJ Abdl Kalam : Timeline of Important Dates : 

1931 : A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October. 

1954: Graduated from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli. 

1955: Enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology to study aerospace engineering. 

1960: Joined Aeronautical Development Establishment of Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a chief scientist. 

1969: Was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). 

1981 : Honored with Padma Bhushan 

1990 : Honored with Padma Vibhushan 

1992-1999: Served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation. 

1997 : Honored with Bharat Ratna 

1997 : Honored with Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration 

2002-2007: Served as the 11th President of India. 

2015 : Passed Away on 27th July. 

Famous Books by Abdul Kalam :

Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology (1988) 

India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium (1998) 

Wings of Fire: An Autobiography (1999) 

Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India (2002) 

The Luminous Sparks (2004) 

Mission India (2005) 

Inspiring Thoughts (2007) 

Indomitable Spirit (2007) 

Envisioning an Empowered Nation (2010) 

You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond (2011) 

Turning Points: A journey through challenges (2012) 

Target 3 Billion (2011) 

My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions (2013) 

A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 (2014) 

Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji (2015)

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2nd September 2015 - Strike campaign meeting - Hyderabad

Nationwide one day strike call given by Central Trade Unions & Federations, on 2nd September 2015, supported by CCGEW, NFPE & AIPEU GDS (NFPE) leaders on strike tour from 27-07-2015.

As per the schedule, today in Hyderabad, a large gathering of Postal Employees infront of Circle Office was addressed by Com.T.Satyanarayana, General Secretary, AIP AEA & Com.P.Pandurangarao.

Circle Coordination Committee Convener, Com.K.Ramachandram organized the meeting. Com.D.Narasimhamurthy, Com.Balaswamy, AIPAEA, and leaders of AIPAOEU, Com.L.Kishansingh, AIP SBCOEA were present and addressed the meeting.

AIPEU GDS (NFPE) - CHITTOOR DIVISION - ANDHRA PRADESH CIRCLE - FORMED

A joint general body meeting of AIPEU Gr.C., P4 & GDS, Chittoor division  has been held on 26-07-2015. Com.S.Narasimhulu, Circle Vice President, GDS (NFPE), Com.D.Mohanrao, Circle Vice President, Gr.C., Com.Ch.Vidyasagar, Circle Secretary, P4 attended and addressed the meeting.

A new set of office bearers were elected for the Divisional unions for the ensuing period.

It is reported that more than 150 GDS members joined in AIPEU GDS (NFPE) and formed the divisional organizing body for Chittoor Division.

President : Com.K.Ravi, BPM, Katappagaripalli, Bangarupalam SO

Secretary : Com.R.Mohan Rajareddy, BPM, Thodathara, Aragonda SO

Treasurer: Com.Vijaya, GDSMP, Chittoor HO

CHQ conveys heartfelt greetings and congratulations to the NFPE members of Chittoor division for their support and cooperation for AIPEU GDS (NFPE).

AIPEU GDS (NFPE) - SAHARSA DIVSION - BIHAR CIRCLE FORMED

It is reported by the Circle Secretary, AIPEU GDS (NFPE) Com.Chandra Narayan Chaudhary, the Divisional organizing body for AIPEU GDS (NFPE), Saharsa Divsion, Bihar Circle formed on 26-07-2015. (Details will be published latter)

CHQ conveys heartfelt greetings and congratulations to the NFPE comrades of Saharsa Divsion.

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Postal JCA addressed to Secretary, Dept. of Posts on JCA demands.

POSTAL JOINT COUNCIL OF ACTION

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF POSTAL EMPLOYEES

FEDERATION OF NATIONAL POSTAL ORGANISATIONS

ALL INDIA POSTAL EMPLOYEES UNION-GDS (NFPE)

NATIONAL UNION of GDS

No.PF-PJCA/2015                                                                                        Dated: 22^nd July,2015

To

           

            Ms. Kavery Bajerjee,

            Secretary,

            Department of Posts,

            New Delhi-110 001

Sub:   Progress on the items of PJCA Strike Charter of Demands.

Ref:   Directorate, SR Division No. 08/07/2014-SR dated 5^th May,2015.

Madam.

            Kindly refer to the discussion held in the meeting on 30.04.2015 on PJCA Strike Charter of Demands. There is no remarkable progress on most of the items.

            Though all items are important but two items are most important which are mentioned below and the reply given by the Department is also reproduced below:

            Item -2 : Inclusion of Gramin Dak Sevaks (GDS) in the terms of reference of 7^th Central Pay Commission.  Grant of civil servant status to GDS and grant        of all benefits of departmental employees on pro-rata basis without any       discrimination.

             Reply: It was decided that the proposal will be strongly recommended and referred to D/o Expenditure for reconsideration. (Action DDG (Estt)

            Item. 9: Implement cadre restructuring in postal, RMS, MMS and Postal Accounts as per the proposal signed with the JCM (DC) staff side

 Reply:  The proposal for cadre restructuring of Gr. ‘C’ employees, will be sent to DOP&T next week.  The proposal for MMS and DAP will be sent to DOP&T          within a period of two months. (Action DDG (Estt) / DDG(PAF)  

            But it is very sorry to say that no progress is reported on the both items. It is learnt that 7^th CPC is now preparing report and may submit its report to Finance Ministry  upto 31s August, 2015 and its report will be implemented w.e.f. 01.01.2016. But there is  no response  about inclusion of GDS in 7^th CPC. The poor GDS employees are eagerly waiting the favourable decision but it appears that they are being deprived from their basic rights and natural justice.

            Similar is the position of Cadre Restructuring. After lapse of three months period there is no response from Department. During the meeting it was assured that cadre restructuring will be implemented before 31^st July 2015 though later it was not mentioned in the minutes. If the Cadre restructuring proposal is not implemented before 7^th CPC report, the entire process will go in vain and Postal employees will be deprived from their benefit.

            It is therefore requested to kindly bestow your personal attention on the matters and cause early redressal of the grievances to maintain co-ordial relations between staff and administration failing which the unions will be compelled to launch agitational programmes.

            Hoping for a positive response,

Yours Sincerely

                                                                                                

(D. Theagarajan)                                                                         (R.N. Parashar)

Secretary General                                                                  Secretary General

         FNPO                                                                                        NFPE                       

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Revenue receipts for Department of Posts up 25% to Rs 11,733 crore in 2014-15

Revenue receipts of the Department of Posts increased to Rs 11,733.13 crore in 2014-15, up 25 per cent from the end of March 2013, Parliament was informed today.

The receipts stood at Rs 9,366.50 crore in the financial year 2012-13. 

"Owing to the Department's consistent focus on quality improvement and increasing use of technology, the revenue receipts have steadily grown from Rs 9,366.50 crore in 2012-13 to Rs 11,733.13 crore in 2014-15," Minister of Communications and Information Technology Ravi Shankar Prasad said in a written reply to the Lok Sabha.

Speed post, which is the flagship express mail product of the department, has also shown increase in revenue from Rs 1,261.50 crore to Rs 1,473.39 crore in the same period, he added. 

DoP handles more than 600 crore mail prices every year.

"Parcel revenue has increased 37 per cent from 2013-14 to 2014-15, owing to the infrastructure improvement for parcel handling and delivery as well as focus on quality of service delivery," he added.

In response to a separate query, Prasad said so far, 2,940 post offices have been modernised under Project Arrow.

"The Department has put in place a Programme Management Governance Structure, which plays a key role in monitoring the IT Modernisation project approved by the government," he said. 

Prasad said the governance structure is four-tiered with an apex inter-ministerial steering committee to review, monitor and guide the progress of the project.

PTI

Shiva Ayyadurai: A 14-year-old Indian-American who invented email

New Delhi: Around 294 billion emails are sent and received on a daily-basis in the world. It would be pretty obvious to believe that most of the people on the planet would be having an email account.

Even if those, who have no email account so far, are striving hard to become tech-savvy in this technology-driven era. But, while using your email account, have you ever wondered who is the person behind such a historic invention?

Currently, serving as a scientist in US, Mumbai-born VA Shiva Ayyadurai at the age of mere 14 in 1979 had invented the most useful thing of today, the 'email'. 

While in high school in New Jersey, a Tamilian boy, Ayyadurai had developed the electronic version of an interoffice mail system and called it 'EMAIL'. Later in 1982, he got his invention copyrighted.

Keen to study computer programming,  Ayyadurai in his teen had attended a summer program at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University (NYU). 

The bright scholar from Livingston High School in New Jersey began his work on email system for the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. His hard work and dedication paid and he became the man behind EMAIL invention.

Around 80 people die everyday in Delhi due to air pollution, says govt

New Delhi: Government on Thursday said that air pollution is killing around 80 people in Delhi every day, according to an international study released recently.

In a written reply in Rajya Sabha, Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar said that polluted air, particularly the respirable particulate matter is one of the several factors responsible for morbidity and premature deaths.

"An international study released recently has claimed that foul air is killing up to 80 people a day in Delhi. The numbers of premature deaths given in the study are based on the constructive estimates and extrapolations of data," the Minister said.

He said that government had sponsored two studies in Delhi, 'Epidemiological Study on Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health in Delhi' during 2002-2005 and 'Study on Ambient Air Quality, Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function of Children in Delhi' which was carried out during 2003-2005.

"The studies indicate that several pulmonary and systemic immunity and damage to chromosomes and DNA and other health impairments are associated with cumulative exposure to high level of particulate pollution that increases the risk of various diseases including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases," Javadekar said.

PTI

Dead Men Drawing MGNREGA Wage In Odisha

Kendrapara (Odisha): Dead persons have come alive to draw wages from accounts under MGNREGA in some areas of Kendrapara district.

Some people who are no more, still figure in the muster rolls and wage remuneration was drawn against their names, district officials said.

“The administration has received reports of MGNREGA wage payment to beneficiaries who are dead. The matter is being investigated. With irregularities coming to the fore, administrative enquiry has been ordered,” said Kendrapara District Collector Debraj Senapati.

Upendranath Behera of Bankeswar village under Singiri gram panchayat of Aul block worked for 30 days under MGNREGA. He was paid Rs 3000 that were deposited in his account recently.

But Behera died on August 12, 2006, officials said.

Behera’s case is not alone. The same is case for Kalinidi Rout, Durga Charan Mallik and Pitambar Lenka.

Not only money has been fraudulently drawn against the dead, but there has been rampant misuse of funds by way of enlisting ghost beneficiaries and fake muster rolls, rights activist Gayadhar Dhal alleged.

This needs to be enquired and the people involved in the irregularity should be put behind the bars, he said.

The Collector said other forms of misuse of central funds like fake muster roll and undeserving job-card holders had also come to the notice.

“Action will be initiated against the offenders after legal technicalities of enquiry are over. The sum fraudulently withdrawn would be recovered from unworthy recipients and beneficiaries under Orissa Public Recovery of Debt Act,” said Senapati.

PTI

Removal of SBI from the list of authorized banks to disburse freedom fighters pension

The Government has decided to transfer accounts of Central Freedom Fighter Pensioners from State Bank of India to other banks – authorized for the purpose, for disbursal of Central Freedom Fighter Pension due to certain irregularities on the part of SBI like paying pension to more than 3,000 dead pensioners for many years after their death, payment of wrong amount of pension to many pensioners, delayed payment of revised Dearness Relief, loss of more than 1,100 original disburser’s portion of PPOs. On account of these irregularities more than Rs.16 crore has already been recovered from State Bank of India. In order to avoid any hardship to the pensioners, they have been advised to open account in any bank of their choice, from the authorized banks for the purpose and the banks have also been advised to approach such pensioners and open their accounts on priority by 30.06.2015. In respect of those pensioners, who have not opened new account in other banks till 30.06.2015, the SBI will continue to disburse their pension so that the pensioners may not face any hardship.

This was stated by the Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri Kiren Rijiju in a written reply to a question by Shri T. Rathinavel in the Rajya Sabha today. 

PIB

Country wide strike by Central Trade Unions on 2nd September, 2015:

Question raised in Rajya Sabha

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF  LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

RAJYA SABHA

QUESTION NO  251

ANSWERED ON  22.07.2015

Country wide strike by Central Trade Unions

251  Shri Tapan Kumar Sen

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to satate :-

(a) whether it is known to Government that All Central Trade Unions are going to observe country-wide strike on 2nd September, 2015;

(b) if so, the details of their demands;

and

(c) the steps being taken by Government to meet their demands?

ANSWER

  
MINISTER OF STATE(IC) FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SHRI BANDARU DATTATREYA)

(a): Government have not received any notice for the strike on 2nd September, 2015. However, it is learnt that the Central Trade Unions have proposed strike for that day.

(b) & (c): Central Trade Unions had made representations to the Government with certain demands which include that Government should take urgent measures to contain price rise, contain unemployment, strict enforcement of basic labour laws, Universal Social Security Cover for all workers, Minimum Wages of Rs. 15,000/- per month, enhanced pension for workers, stoppage of disinvestment in PSUs, stoppage of contractorisation, removal of ceiling on bonus and provident fund, compulsory registration of Trade Unions within 45 days, no amendment to labour laws unilaterally, stopping FDI in Railways, Defence etc. Several rounds of discussions have taken place between the Government and the Central Trade Unions on the demands. Recently the Government has constituted an Inter-ministerial Committee of five Union Ministers which is holding discussions with CTUs on their demands.

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GDS RECRUITMENT - 2015 :: RAJASTHAN CIRCLE

Notification copy :
click here

NPA of Public Sector Banks reaches Rs. 2.67 lakh crore

As per the reply given in the Parliament by Minister of State for Finance, Jayant Sinha, the NPA( Non-Performing Assets)or the bad loans of the Public Sector Banks have reached Rs. 2.67 lakh crore by the end of March 2015. Last year it was Rs. 2.16 lakh crore.

The interesting fact is that these bad loans are mostly loans taken by the big corporate and business houses and have not been repaid. Due to their influence on the government and political parties, strong action is not taken for recovery.

At the same time, extra-special efforts are being made to recover from the common people and legal action is taken. But not in the case of big guns. Even if some action is taken, they defend it with Senior Advocates, who manages to stop and delay action.

The Bank Unions have been demanding for the recovery of these bad loans from the big business and corporates, but without results.

In India, big guns are always above the law of the land.

VAN